Starbucks Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ecological Scanning 2 - Assignment Example ltiple times on CNN which secured the subject of whale mercilessness and the poor natural surroundings that the whales are exposed to that prompted the lessening in every day share cost (New York Times 2014). The speculators in the advancement of the organization pulled back offers that caused the stock decrease of 4.8% which likewise prompted a disturbance of its place in the worldwide market (Gara 2014). The negative picture of the organization that surfaced in the media hurt the notoriety that it appreciated previously. Ocean World known for its different creature life can confront significant partner difficulties if the issue isn't appropriately tended to on an open media discussion. What should be possible is to feature the issue in a way that gives out a hint of something to look forward to and improvement for the creatures. The issue of giving appropriate natural surroundings is essential thus tending to the crowd regarding the plan to update the entire park is one approach to counter the negative picture. Also, what should be possible is that other than territory development, a proper public statement ought to be called and proclamations ought to be given with regards to how â€Å"Black fish† doesn't delineate any of the medicines that the creatures are given at Sea World and that the recreation center gives settled and kept up environments to the creatures living there. Adhering to a plan of â€Å"no creature cruelty† strategy and guaranteeing that in the coming days positive pictures are portrayed can get the company’s notoriety back on the platform it was previously. The Associated Press. (2014, August 15). After Film, SeaWorld to Make Improvements. The New York Times. Recovered

Free Essays on Texas Cattlemen Vs Oprah Whinfrey

On April 16, 1996, Oprah Winfrey included previous cows rancher turned veggie lover extremist, Howard Lyman, as a major aspect of the Humane Society’s, Eating with Conscience Campaign. The theme was Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) which is fundamentally the same as distraught cow ailment. Just a single month sooner the British Government had declared that 10 residents were dead or kicking the bucket from distraught cow malady. The infection can lie torpid within an individual for a considerable length of time, and would possibly be found when the casualty started to encounter Alzheimer’s like side effects. Lyman made an examination among BSE and AIDS, at that point raised the likelihood that a type of distraught dairy animals infection could exist in the U.S. Lyman additionally recommended that the act of crushing dead cows and taking care of it to different dairy animals as a protein supplement in steers feed may have added to a potential flare-up. Oprah was ala rmed by the likelihood that something like this could exist directly in front of us. She asked, â€Å"†¦you state this illness could make AIDS resemble the regular cold?† â€Å"Absolutely,† Lyman reacted. To which Oprah reacted, â€Å"It has quite recently prevented me cold from eating another burger.† Obviously this got steers farmers into a hubbub, and financial specialists and shoppers froze and dairy cattle prospects dropped that equivalent day and drop to significantly additionally lows for two months. This sensational drop in hamburger utilization shows exactly how incredible the impacts of broad communications can be on people in general. This show went ahead the impact points of a huge tale about spoiled hamburger in Great Britain, so pressures were at that point running intense. Mogul farmer Paul Engler drove the gathering of cows farmers who documented a $12 million claim against Winfrey, her creation organizations and Lyman. Their case was that Oprah and Lyman were subject for harms because of the remarks made on her show. They asserted that Winfrey and Lyman had disregarded the 1995 Texas vilification law, or the â€Å"veggie criticism law,† which tries to secure ranchers against fa... Free Essays on Texas Cattlemen Vs Oprah Whinfrey Free Essays on Texas Cattlemen Vs Oprah Whinfrey On April 16, 1996, Oprah Winfrey highlighted previous steers rancher turned veggie lover dissident, Howard Lyman, as a major aspect of the Humane Society’s, Eating with Conscience Campaign. The point was Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) which is fundamentally the same as distraught dairy animals malady. Just a single month sooner the British Government had reported that 10 residents were dead or passing on from distraught bovine illness. The ailment can lie torpid within an individual for a considerable length of time, and would possibly be found when the casualty started to encounter Alzheimer’s like side effects. Lyman made a correlation among BSE and AIDS, at that point raised the likelihood that a type of frantic bovine malady could exist in the U.S. Lyman additionally recommended that the act of crushing dead cows and taking care of it to different bovines as a protein supplement in dairy cattle feed may have added to a potential flare-up. Oprah was alarmed b y the likelihood that something like this could exist directly in front of us. She asked, â€Å"†¦you state this illness could make AIDS resemble the basic cold?† â€Å"Absolutely,† Lyman reacted. To which Oprah reacted, â€Å"It has recently prevented me cold from eating another burger.† Obviously this got cows farmers into a commotion, and financial specialists and buyers froze and steers prospects dropped that equivalent day and drop to significantly additionally lows for two months. This sensational drop in hamburger utilization shows exactly how amazing the impacts of broad communications can be on the general population. This show went ahead the impact points of a monstrous anecdote about polluted meat in Great Britain, so pressures were at that point running intense. Tycoon farmer Paul Engler drove the gathering of steers farmers who recorded a $12 million claim against Winfrey, her creation organizations and Lyman. Their case was that Oprah and Lyman were at risk for harms because of the remarks made on her show. They affirmed that Winfrey and Lyman had disregarded the 1995 Texas vilification law, or the â€Å"veggie criticism law,† which tries to secure ranchers against fa...

2011 Personal Statement Questions COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

2011 Personal Statement Questions COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog While we likely will not have our application live for another week, the questions/topics we are going ask applicants to respond to as part of the personal statement have been decided and I wanted to share them for your consideration.   I will dedicate some future entries to breaking down the questions and offering some advice so stay tuned. For spring 2011 and fall 2011 applicants will be asked to compose three responses.   Below you find details and the associated word limits. __________________________ First Question (500 Word Maximum) What distinct impact do you hope to have on the world in the future? Please be as clear as possible about your future goals, the policy/public service issue(s) you are passionate about, and your personal motivation(s). Be sure to include details regarding the features of SIPA that you believe are integral to helping you in your pursuits and what skills you need to develop to achieve a lasting impact. Second Question/Topic (300 Word Maximum) Please CHOOSE ONE of these options to write about do not address both, pick one or the other. 1. Describe a policy issue that has impacted your life, either in a negative or positive way. If given the opportunity to amend the policy, what action would you take and why? 2. Describe a conversation or experience that challenged your beliefs or caused you to reevaluate your perspective on life. Third Question/Response (200 Word Maximum) Please share any additional information about yourself that you believe would be of interest to the Admissions Committee. Please focus on information that is not already reflected in the other parts of your application or might not be clear in the information submitted. ____________________________ One typical question concerning this requirement comes up each year and I will answer it now.   Applicants often ask something along the lines of the following: Do I have to follow the format of three questions or can I answer the questions I wish as long as I stay within the overall word limit? Answer:   Applicants should follow the instructions and provide responses to each section and follow the word limits.   The Committee has picked the topics/questions for specific purposes and we want each applicant to follow the instructions as given.   So, please pay attention to the word limits and instructions. Do not follow the logic that 500 + 300 +200 add up to 1,000 so you can freelance one answer as long as it is within the word limit.   This is not what the Committee is looking for.   Following instructions is an important part of the process so stick to the instructions and you will be fine.   More advice in some future entries . . .

The Differences Between The And Plato - 1263 Words

Humanity has evolved in more than one way since the Ancient Greek times with technological, cultural and political advancements. Honestly, we wouldn’t be as advanced as we are today without these basic advancements within Philosophy. Society has grasped onto some philosophers ideas more than others because their ideas appealed to what they knew, or arguably to what they thought they knew at the time. Greece was home to most of our famous philosophers. Some have overcome the most complex questions in humanity, this lead to many disagreements among philosophers, which influenced creative new philosophies that intertwined with each base idea. One of the most intriguing subjects was what is the truth? The three opinions of three major influential Greek philosophers; Parmenides, the Sophists and Plato will together elaborate on the subject of truth. First off, Parmenides had a unique way of looking at truth. Many philosophers disagree with his simplified ideas but regardless, the logic he used has impacted the way society thinks about the world. To summarize Parmenides philosophy his major impact was â€Å"What exists exists, and what doesn’t exist doesn’t exist.† This philosophy is logical because if we can think of it or speak of it, how can it be nothing? He argues that our mind cannot wrap itself around the idea of nothingness. Therefore nothingness must not exist. The universe or â€Å"reality† is also only one singular thing because it cannot be divided, added to orShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Between Plato And Aristotle1639 Words   |  7 PagesIn my final project, I will discuss the difference between Plato and Aristotle, and the two different ideas they both sought highly to philosophize. Plato, well known for his theory on Forms, believed that all things have a true being, and that the world in which we live in is a poor representation of the real world. Aristotle, on the other hand, was well known for his ideas on Form and Matter, where he believed that all objects are made with certain materials and arranged in a particular way. LastlyRead MoreDifferences Between Plato s And Kant1184 Words   |  5 PagesI chose to select differences and similarities between Plato’s and Kant’s works. It is very apparent that both philosophers are speaking to the necessity of man developing personal ethics, but each thinker approaches this universal question using different principles. Plato uses Socrates’ dialogue to assess how one acquires wisdom through the acknowledgement of inherent ignorance. Kant evaluates the causes of people remaining in willful ignorance and the methods by which they can lift themselvesRead MorePhilosophy: â€Å"Explain the Differences Between Plato and Aristotle’s View of Reality†.818 Words   |  4 PagesPlato imagined that there existed an ideal or perfect world beyond our own physical earth. Our earthly world is full of unevenness, imperfections, and impurities which have been copied from the true ideal world which is beyond us. Plato further believed that our physical world and its Forms participate or imitate the real Forms in a disorderly way. He claimed that there was a relationship between the realm of Forms and our world. This relationship revealed to us mortals the forms and brought orderRead MorePlatos Republic - Book V1232 Words   |  5 Pagesundoubtedly The Republic it has weathered the test of time to provide us with the most influential philosophical doctrine surviving from the ancient Mediterranean. Over the years Plato has been hailed by some as an advocate of womens rights because of some views he puts forth in The Republic. In Book V of the work Plato has Socrates, acting as his voice, engage in a discussion of the perfect state with Polemarchus, Adeimantus, Glaucon, a nd Thrasymachus. In the conversation Socrates puts forth theRead MoreHistorical Views of Leadership: Plato and Aristotle1320 Words   |  6 PagesWren, 1995, p. 50). Since the study of history in the West is commonly held to begin with Herodotus of ancient Athens, it is not surprising that we should examine the historical views of leadership through the eyes of two titans of Greek thought: Plato and Aristotle. Both men lived in 4th century BCE Athens, so much of their background and experience was shared. Aristotle was the younger of the two, and he was Plato’s student. Where leadership is concerned, both philosophers agreed that the â€Å"bestRead MoreA Summary Of Plato And Aristotle818 Words   |  4 Pagesmust actively participate in and be involved with political activities. Plato and Aristotle are arguably two of the most prominent philosophers from ancient Greece. Although both Plato and Aristotle are great thinkers, their philosophical views of the role of women as potential rulers differ very much from one another. In fact, many of Aristotle’s writings about the role of women contradict the beliefs of his professor, Plato. This paper will provide an in-depth comparison of the potential for womenRead MorePlato And The Matrix Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Matrix† and Plato’s Phaedo and Republic questions of what makes up a whole and fulf illing life are answered. Both The Matrix and Plato provide alternate forms of reality, one that is based on truth and is fulfilling and one that is based on a false reality that offers false forms of fulfillment. The Matrix and Plato show the difference of living a life in a true reality and a â€Å"fake† reality where everything inside this reality is fake making the lives inside this reality fake. True educationRead MorePlato’s Republic: Proto-traditional Feminism and Modern Feminism1614 Words   |  7 PagesConsequently, Plato appears to endorse feminist ideologies. Firs,t I will define proto-traditional feminism, and modern feminism. I will then argue that Plato presents Socrates, and thereby himself, as an advocate for feminism. However, I will show that Plato is only a feminist under the proto-traditional definition of feminism. He fails to fit the modern definition of feminism, as this definition is contingent on equality and equity. Furthermore, I will consid er the objection that Plato cannot be aRead MoreDistinctions and Comparisons between Aristotle and Plato Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesideas introduced by Plato on the theory of forms, where deducted and critiqued by Aristotle. Both philosophers can be viewed as having opposing ideologies. Nonetheless, Plato and Aristotle are in agreement on certain factors of their philosophy. Many have scrutinized and compared the dissimilarities and similarities of Aristotles doctrine of categories and Platos theory of forms. The observations found are of an interesting nature. The beauty behind the writings of Plato is to not accept whatRead MoreEssay about Platos De Feminization of The Republic1731 Words   |  7 Pageschildren, women, household slaves, and in those of the inferior majority who are called free. (Book IV 431c my emphasis). Plato also assumes that there is behavior specific to women and to cowardly men. #8230;to delete the lamentations of famous men, leaving them to women (and not even to good women, either) and to cowardly men (Book III 387d my emphasis). In Book VIII Plato states that woman are like children, amused by shiny objects; And many people would probably judge it to be so, as women

Christianity And Hinduism .According To The Human Truth

Christianity and Hinduism According to the human truth foundation (2017) â€Å"religions are shared collection of transcendental beliefs that have been passed on from believers to converts, which are held by adherents to be actively meaningful and serious and either based on formally documented doctrine or established cultural practices.† There are many religions in the world some are old as the beginning of time and some are newer. Hinduism is one of the oldest organized religion in the world. Hinduism originated around 1500 BCE in India by the involvement of thousands of different small religions and their beliefs. Hinduism is a religion with very little boundaries, many different beliefs and practices, so offering a comparison of†¦show more content†¦They believe that other God and Goddess are the reincarnation of the one soul. They believe that there were 600 different reincarnation of the one soul (Kauai’s Hindus Monastery, 2017). Because of wide beli efs they embrace Jesus as a guru. They do not believe that Jesus was the Son of God, just as teacher like many others (All about religion.org (2017). However, Christianity is a monotheistic religion, which only have one God. Christians believe in one true and living God, who exists as three distinct: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit (Crain, 2017). Third difference between the Christianity and Hinduism is each religions believes of soul and body connection. Christians believe that a person has one soul and one body. That when a person dies the soul leaves this earth and go to a place called heaven or hell. Soul of person sends to heaven or hell, depending on their actions in the earth. However, the Hinduism believes that person’s soul can be reincarnated to different life after bodily death. They believe that life cycle will happen until that soul does actions to please the God. Hinduism believes the people life and fate are interconnected with their previous life. Personà ¢â‚¬â„¢s fate or events in their life depend on their actions of their pervious life (Jayaram, 2015). Another difference between the Hinduism and Christianity are their concept of sin. Christians believe when a person commits sin, he or she is breaking the law ofShow MoreRelatedBuddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism And Monotheistic Religions1108 Words   |  5 PagesIn life, one will undertake a spiritual journey in which you will uncover the meaning of the self. Many religions, including Hinduism, Confucianism and monotheistic religions, have developed philosophies placing importance of the â€Å"self.† Emphasis on morality, virtues, honest contribute to the development of the inner self. In religions such as, Islam and Judaism the importance of conducts and worship will lead you to paradise in the after as promised by Allah or Yahweh. 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The history, nature of the world, practical outcomes, and superiority of Christianity display the challenges that Hinduism presents. From Hinduism’s pantheon of gods to its dysfunctional caste system, this religion has wreakedRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism And Christianity1468 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and Buddhism exist as two of the predominant religions throughout the world. While Buddhism ranks around fifth in number of followers of religions, it is the third most widespread religion behind Christianity and Islam. Buddhism and Christianity are arrantly distinct in their principle standpoints: Buddhism rejects the existence of a greater being and Christianity proudly professes the power of a universal God. However, despite this rigid dissimilarity, both religions developed and spreadRead MoreThe Nature of Ethics in Hinduism, Christianity, and Buddhism Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nature of Ethics in Hinduism, Christianity, and Buddhism When asking the question about the nature of ethics, it is hard to explain where they came from because not everyone has the same views or religions. Since religions have different standards, there are different sources to them and different reasons for why people should follow them. When trying to find answers to questions about the nature of ethics, it is impossible to know which religions view is correct. This paper willRead MoreDeath Is An Occurrence That Brings1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthe arrival of departure, the coming of the end on their doorstep. Scientific discoveries have added to the human understanding of how death works, teaching it logical and literal explanations. But the thought of leaving the marvelous determinates; the love, laughter, and exhilaration of life just to rot, decay, and to enter a void of nothingness could never be comforting. How can the human mind continue to find purpose in life if it is just living to reach a despicable conclusion? Well, that ’s whereRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Religion Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesto rituals and daily life. Humans look for answers to questions naturally instilled in our minds and one can hope to gap the divide of differences by thinking we are all here together at the same time. Religions of the world have similarities in their belief systems like peace with respect of other religions, however they celebrate different rituals and practice contrasting customs in daily life leading to inaccurate stereotypes especially in Christianity and Hinduism. 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Questioning about the purpose in one’s life and whether or not there is meaning allows an individual to seek a supernatural, Supreme Being or some form of deity. Technically, religion is essentiallyRead MoreWhat Is Spiritual Conditions May Impact The Success Of Patient s Treatment And How Helpful Human Faith?1394 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment at same time. It is imperative to assess whether spiritual conditions may impact the success of patient’s treatment and how helpful human faith can be.The aim of this paper is to share the spiritual perspectives of people with diverse faiths and to analyze those with Christian philosophy of faith and healing. People from distant beliefs, which include Hinduism, Si khism and Islam were interviewed. Summary of the interview, comparison of diverse belief systems and writer’s personal insights gained

A Critical Exploration Of The Increasing Fragmentation Of Policing Free Essays

string(63) " of the state rather than the ‘rolling back of the state’\." Introduction The past few decades have seen an increase in demand for private security driven primarily by the apparent return of mercenary activities (Adams 1999). Private security firms such as Erinys, Triple Canopy and Blackwater have joined the tales of â€Å"neo-mercenaries† such as Sandline International in Sierra Leone and Executive Outcomes in Angola to become the focus of widespread media coverage (Abrahamsem Williams 2009).Recent figures indicate a growth from around 600,000 private security employees to well over a million today (Steden Sarre 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on A Critical Exploration Of The Increasing Fragmentation Of Policing or any similar topic only for you Order Now But this trend should not come as a surprise considering that publicly funded agencies that grew during the 19th century did not really eradicate the involvement of the private sectors in policing (Ericson Kevin 1997). With the shift to private policing, investors in the security industries have seen their earnings steadily increase. This trend has stimulated a growing interest in contemporary international politics and has become the focus of widespread journalistic coverage. Some view the increasing fragmentation of policing as government’s failure to providing the most basic needs, security. As pointed out by Garland (2001), the pervasiveness of private firms is an indication of the impotence of governments in addressing the most basic demands. The increasing trend of outsourcing security tasks marks the state’s retreat towards a more coordinating role rather than a providing role As Button states: the increasing privatization of policing has eroded one of the founding myths of modern societies: ‘the myth that the sovereign state is capable of providing security, law and order, and crime control within its territorial boundaries’ (Button 2012, p.22). Whereas privatization of policing may indicated states’ failure in providing fundamental security services to its citizens, this is not necessarily true.. It does not necessarily mean that the state is dying but rather diversifying and developing. Several key questions arise when debating on this topic. Why the increase in fragmentation of policingwhat are the implications of such trends in terms of democratic legitimacy, effectiveness and equityIn the midst of the far-reaching transformation, how best can the multiplicity of institutional reforms involved in policing be governed? This paper addresses these questions with evidence drawn from various perspectivesfrom various perspectives. it The paper provides an adequate account for the shifting structures of security, providing an explanation for the increasing fragmentation and debating the extent to which it privatization of policing has occurred. In order to understand the trend towards private policing and the reasons for the increasing fragmentation, it is important to first explore the historical development. Since it is beyond the scope of this paper to examine the 1st world war and the 2nd world war more in depth, the paper will briefly touch on some of the important transformations. depth the post-conflict proliferation of the 1st and 2nd World Wars, it will briefly touch on some important developments that led to the rise of private security industry. Historical context The involvement of thee private secto in crime control and prevention can be traced back to the cold war. During the cold war, the private military sector provided services ranging from logistics to direct combat (Cusumano 2010). A prime example is the US firm Vinnel which was contracted to train Saudi Arabian National Guard in 1977. Other private security actors military sectors involved in military assistance during the cold war period include the British Watchguard, Gurkha Security Guards, KMS, Saladin and DSL(Cusumano 2010). Whilst the growing trend towards privatization of policing is not a new phenomenonIt is clear that th involvement in security tasks is not a new phenomenon and has been there since the cold war period. However the transformations that followed after the cold war triggered the tectonic change and lead to the increasing in fragmentation of policing. First, there was massive downsizing with most of the armies which created a market for military assistance (Lock 199). With the demise of the cold war, the losing parties saw their military personnel transfer to other theartres. Having lost in both wars, Germany became the major source of private proliferation. The transformation that took place with most of the armies increased the demand for external contractors. Th, Second, the strain on human resources and the increase in emphasis on specialization led to outsourcing of functions other than direct combat, such as foreign military training. This is evident with the planned gradual privatization of activities other than combat by the US Department of Defense in 2001 (Cusumano 2012). Neoliberal reforms Apart from transformations that took place during othe post-cold war period, this trend was further reinforced by the rise of neoliberals. The emergence of neo-liberal ideas that emphasized on the importance of fragmentation of power has played a key role in this trend. This perspective is in line with Focault’s concept of dispersion of power. Neoliberal ideas such as outsourcing, privatization and public private partnerships that were aimed at streamlining bereacracies played a key role towards this trend. The rise of neoliberalism during the late 1970s led to the Outsourcing, privatization and public private partnerships that were formed during the late 1970s to streamline bureaucracies resulted in the shift from the state-centered hierarchical structures towards the more diverse horizontal structures (Abrahamsen Williams 2009). Neoliberal reforms aimed at limiting the power of the state by finding means of rendering them accountable (Button2012). These new arrangements empowered private actors to increase their involvement in security provision. In this regard, he rein of power can be said to have been taken over by the private sector appears to have been taken over by private corporations. As emphasis was placed on conflict settlement that goes beyond the state, this led to the widening of police infrastructure to include private bodies. In many states, public policing underwent major neoliberal reforms. Hybrid public-private structures were developed across many countries driven by the neoliberal ideology. However, the idea of diminishing power of the state As the upsurge of private security companies has led to the expansion of the state rather than the ‘rolling back of the state’. You read "A Critical Exploration Of The Increasing Fragmentation Of Policing" in category "Essay examples"The impact of this upsurge in private security has been the expansion of the state rather than ‘rolling back of the state’. The increase in fragmentation and privatization has extended the state apparatus of criminal justice and strengthened the institutional architecture of crime control rather than diminishing or reducing the powers of the state (Steden Sarre 2007). Privatization revolution The increasing fragmentation can also be said to have been driven by the ideological shift brought about by the ‘privatization revolution’. This is related to the emergence of ‘ mass private property’ where workplaces, leisure facilities, shopping malls and many other places are manned by private security guards. Whereas these places may be open to the public, in reality, they are private spaces. This seem to have has contributed to the growth of private security to the extent that private firms have mimicked nation states, a form of ( Button 2012). ‘Marketization’ or ‘commodification of policing The trend has further been reinforced by‘commodification’ of security which has resulted due to increased public demands that the police have not been able to satisfy. the involvement of the private sector in security provision has been seen as private is an appropriate means for dealing with the growing lawlessness and crimes. Rising cases of impunity across the globe have increased the demands for private security. Sierra leone is a prime example. Despite its small size, it is known globally a paradigm case of security privatization. The highly publicized activities of private security firms such as Sandline International and Executive Outcomes have made this small sized country globally recognized as the target of transnational security firms. Of course, this resulted due to the intense conflict in the country and presence of numerous rebel armies and civil defense militias. has conflict and the numerous rebel armies and civil defense militias in the country. The increasing demand for security across the globe has no doubt led to this momentous growth. Unrest and violence across various parts of the world including Syria, Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan have further strengthened the need to have these transnational security companies. Some of the well-known examples of these transnational firms are the Securitas Group and Group 4 securicor which have developed their operations in more than 100 countries (Musa Kayode 2000). Group 4 Securicor officers are currently providing protection to US troops in Kosovo. Minimize public costs Perhaps a most crucial factor that has played a central role towards this trend is the need to cut public costs. Given the rising cost of training and maintaining standing armies, many states have sought more cost effective ways of policing such as outsourcing security tasks to private sectors. (Krahmann 2002). Expertise of the private sector A more convincing argument for the proliferation of private security firms is related to expertise. The expansion can be attributed to the increasing emphasis on specialization of personnel. That is, the states have felt it necessary to outsource other security functions other than combat such as military training. It is a fact that success in military operations today is dependent on the state of the art technology. But most of the public military personnel do not have the necessary training for use of sophisticated technology. For example, the US relies on private military firms in using and maintaining sophisticated techology such as the Global Hawk unmanned aircrafts and the Predator (Tzifakis 2012). Private firms have an advantage in terms of their expertise especially given their practice of hiring regional expertise. ontrary to the above view, private security companies have come under immense criticism for their low standards of professionalism. Despite their high profile in forensic accountancy and expertise in several areas such as manning of aircrafts, the most dominant view has been that of an industry filled with corrupt, amoral, and incompetent employees (Steden Sarre 2007). This is evident with most of the studies conducted in North America which portray private security guards as poorly educated, marginally paid and hastily trained figures with dubious characters (Prenzer 2004, and livingstone Hart 2003) Risk-based thinking and global assemblages The increasing fragmentation of policing can also be said to have resulted due to risk based thinking and global assemblageswhere global security actors are integrated in the provision of security. Paradigm cases of global security assemblage can be seen in Nigeria and Siera leone. In Sierra Leone, private security firms have used their material resources including technical expertise to wield significant influences within global security assemblages. For example, in the case of Diamond minning by Koidu Holdings, PSCs especially Securicor Gray have used their capabilities and material resources to exert their influence onwield significant impact on the choice of security strategies (Abrahamsen Williams 2006). Similarly, global assemblages and risk based thinking appear to have contributed to the rise of private policing in Nigeria which is estimated to have between 1500 and 2000 private security companies (Keku Akingbade 2003). A good example of the global security assemblage in Nigeria is the contract between Group4Securicor and Chevron Nigeria Ltd (Abrahamsen Williams 2009). Through this contract, Group4Securicor replaced most of the local security companies that provided manned guarding together with the police. Whilst this private company was mandated to guard the CNL headquarters, the operational base in Escravos and the two logistical bases in Warri and Port Harcourt; it has used its material resources and legitimacy to expand its mandate beyond guarding these areas. Geographical fragmentation A further probable reason for the increasing fragmentation of policing is the geographical fragmentation. This has led to the shift from government to governance within the transatlantic community (Krahman 2002, p. 23). Two developments are linked to this geographical transformation: progressive replacement of nation state and shift towards regional and global governance; and a shift towards private security actors. The shift towards regional and global governance can be seen with the geographical expansion of the EU and the NATO (Abrahamsen Williams 2009). While the sideway shift to privatization of security functions can be seen with the proliferation of various private security firms. Growing awareness of importance of private sector in global governance Finally, the trend has been reinforced by the growing awareness of importance of the private sector in global governance. In fact, a with Global Compact Initiative has been established to create partnership between the UN and private sector on human rights issues. , Kofi-Annan, the former secretary to the UN, once contemplated the possibility of the using private security firms in peacekeeping missions both in the provision of logistics and military combat (Abrahamsen Willliams 2007). Today, we have many private agencies providing military assistance to the UN, Nato and even African Union peacekeeping missions. Whilst th idea of a private police established to achieve accountability of public police may sound realistic, there is little persuasive evidence regarding the effectiveness of the private institutions in performing this role. In fact, it is case that the private sector is largely unaccountable. In theory, it is stated that both the public and private police are accountable through the criminal law of their actions. However, there is no persuasive proof to support this claim in practice. Notorious examples can be seen with the recent events which Some of the recent infamous events that unfolded in California. This indicates indicatinghow how difficult it is to convict public police offenders (Stenning 1994). Fragmentation and privatization of policing a global phenomenon The trend towards private policing is clearly evident across the globe. For example, in Russia, there has been an explosive growth in private security personnel since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Whilst statistics indicate that Russia had almost 200,000 licensed private personnel in 1999, the the actual number is has been estimated to exceed 850,000 (Steden Sarre 2007). Similarly, A similar trend can be seen in Bulgaria which currently has about 130,000 personnel employed in private security sector in sharp contrast to 28,000 state police officers (Steden Sarre 2007). A similar trend can be seen with emerginerging economies of Asia. India has also echo the trend with over 5 million private security personnel, a figure that i exceeds the police, army, air force and the navy put together. In China, private guards are forecast to grow from the current 3 million to 5 million in the coming years. Not only is this trend evident in the Middle East and growing economies of Asia, but also across the US and the UK and in most Latin American countries. The US employs approximately 1.5 and 2 million private security personnel, outnumbering the public police by almost three to one (Abrahamsen Williams 2009). Similarly, the private security personnel in the UK outnumber the state police by a ratio of two to one. This growth is also reflected in the Latin American countries, African countries and even across Central and Eastern Europe. The resurgence is clearly evident across the world as countries such as Lithuania, Latvia, Slovenia and the Czech Republic continue to witness growth of private policing witnessing growth in this sector. Almost all countries now have their private security personnel exceeding the police number. A further trend that has been observed and has perhaps been under-theorized or under-evaluated is the increasing emergence of transnational policing. Besides privatization of policing, there has been an expansion in cooperation between member states in areas of policing (Button 2012). Traditional forms of cooperation based on distribution of information through bodies such as the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) have now been transcended by organizations such as the European Criminal Police Office (Europol) (Button 2012, p. 25). In addition, there has been an increase in information sharing and the exportation of ideas among private security firms. For example, corporations such as Corrections of America and Wakenhut exportation have exported their ideas to the UK and Australia (Steden Sarre 2007). However, in some countries, private policing is still at its infancy. For example,In n Greece, the ratio between the private and public security personnel remains relatively small. This can be attributed to the security market that barely existed in Greece until the late 1990s when legislation that mandated some of the key requirements for a licensed security firm was passed (Steden Sarre 2007). Other countries with a relatively low private security to police ratio include Italy, Portugal, Malta, Cyprus and Spain. Most of these countries still make more use of the police officers than private security guards. Nonetheless, the momentous growth of private policing is inevitable and is occurring across the globe. Concerns/controversies over private policing Traditionally, the state has been seen as a monopoly in crime prevention and control (Button 2012). However, evidence has emerged that have raised questions regarding the state’s monopoly in policing. Evidence have pointed to the increasing ‘pluralization’ or ‘fragmentation’ of policing as seen with the increasing involvement of the private sector and voluntary organizations in crime prevention and control. This raises key questions such as: does the state still have a monopoly in policing given the increasing fragmentationOr rather it can be questioned: did it ever have a monopoly given that the fragmentation in policing is not a new phenomenonThe only thing that is new is the increasing fragmentation and the expansion of private security. Whilst the pervasiveness of these private firms may signal the state’s failure in addressing the most basic demands for security, it should not be viewed as weakening of the state’s role. It does not necessarily mean that the state is dying but rather diversifying and developing. Encouraging private personnel to become more involved in crime control is to support the state’s activities by allowing these individuals to become auxiliaries of the state as opposed to becoming rivals (Sarre 2002). Of course, there are concerns with this trend of privatization of policing with the greatest dangers being the subversion of public interests into profit maximization. Another concern relates to the fact that privatization results in more unequal access to protection and security with differential treatment in the provision of security services to the rich and the poor (Stenning 1994). A further danger is that private policing may lead to the erosion of the cherished notions of liberty, human dignity and privacy which may eventually results in an intolerably controlled and regulated society It is clear that the state’s role is changing. The increasing fragmentation of policing is evidence of a new social world where governance is no longer monopolized by the states, but rather one in which the rein of power is taken over by the private sector. there is a dispersion of power more to the private sector. The hope of many is for governance to be controlled by the local communities. However, the reality is the emergence of a pervasive and intrusive corporate governance where in capital interests become the priority and are more pursued than that the interests of the local communities (Ndlovu-Gatsheni 2007). Further, there is the it is the possibility that the state might slowly wither away and that the proliferation of private security firms may pose threat to the state’s sovereignty. Other problems relate to issues such as the lack of transparency and accountability and political control over the operations of these private firms. The fundamental goal of outsourcing such service is obviously to protect the citizens from harm and against human rights violations. Whereas the outsourcing of security services to private firms is justifiable, it may be subject to violent manipulations. One variant to this manipulation can arise through coercion towards prospective clients by the private security firms with the aim manipulating them to buy into their services. Another maipulation can arise where these firms invite others to commit crime in order to increase demand for their protection. There is a possibility that the private security may also end up creating ‘security enclaves’ as their availability in the open market allows the wealthy and ruling elites to buy more of their services than the less-priviledged counterparts hence running counter to the social bonds considered essential to security (Karsent Volker 2000). In fact, the so called ‘security enclaves’ have emerged in the US. This is a clarion call to pay attention to isssues of accountability for attention to paid more on control and accountability especially given the increasing fragmentation and privatization. But, as argued by Les Johnston (1992), some of these concerns are not unique and do not constitute compelling arguments against private policing. For example, the concern over the subversion of public interests into profit maximization is not unique. This concern is also evident with the public police where corruption and political interests have led to public disservice. Criticism of erosion of state’s sovereignty might not necessarily be true as the private security sectors have often acted under the government’s control. For example, Siera Leone is far from entirely private as the government still plays a key role by integrating public forces and setting the legal framework. Future of private security market Nonetheless, there is a clear momentous growth of the private security sector. The massive growth is evidence of expansion of this type of market. In fact, the industry’s global turnover was maintained during the recessionary period indicating the high demand for this type of service across the globe. In 2007, the global security service market was valued at $136 billion and in 2009, it was estimated at $152 billion (Steden Sarre 2007). The future for private security firms seems promising given the increasing demand of security services driven by the rise upsurge in conflicts, war and human right violations across various sectors of the globe. The commercial private security market is currently estimated to be $165 billion and is forecast to grow at a rate of 18% per anum into the foreseeable future. Despite the recent decision made by the US DoD to reduce reliance on support service contractors to pre-9/11 levels, the global market for private security services is anticipated to continue to grow to reach $218.4 billon in 2015 (Tzifakis 2012). However, much of this growth would be mainly concentrated in the emerging economies. What was once a â€Å"quiet revolution† has grown in size and demand to become a global actor in in the provision of security services. Conclusion There is no doubt that the privatization of policing has become a reality. This is evident with the proliferation of private security actors across the globe with activities that range from manned guarding to surveillance and risk analysis to even military combat. The increasing fragmentation has clearly been triggered by several key developments: the emergence of neoliberal ideas; second the increasing commodification of security; third, the global assemblages and risk based thinking; fourth, the transformations that took place during the post-cold war period, and the fourth, emergence of the â€Å"privatization revolution†. lso, the increased emphasis on specialization of personnel, the geographical fragmentation and the increasing recognition of the role of private sector in global governance have no doubt played a significant role towards this trend. All these processes have been central to the growing fragmentation and globalization of private security. However, these changes have fueled controversies. On the one hand, it has helped secure the transition to democracy by providing for a stronger presence of security forces in states under threat of instability. On the other hand, it has had exclusionary effects by increasing the division between the rich and the poor which in the long-run can be detrimental to its legitimacy. Other concerns highlighted include the subversion of public interests into profit maximization; erosion of cherished notions of liberty, human dignity and privacy; and threat to state’s sovereignty. In the midst of these changes, states have a greater role to play. With development of more diverse forms of policing, governments have the central responsibility of coordinating and regulating all policing activities, both in the private and public agencies. Government must serve as a central anchor point ensuring multi-agency networking and efficacy, equity and accountability of all agencies, both private and public. Accountability can perhaps be achieved by bringing all the policing practices under the control of democratic institutions such as citizen boards, commissions and ‘watchdogs’ at the local, national, provincial and regional levels. This would ensure equity, efficacy, legitimacy and accountable of all security actors. Reference Abrahamsen, R. and Williams, M., 2009. Security beyond the state: global security assemblages in international politics. International Political Sociology, vol. 3, pp. 1-17 Abrahamsen, R. and Willliams, M.C., 2007. Securing the city: private security companies and non-state authority in global governance International Relations 21(2): 237–153 Abrahamsen, R and Michael C., 2006. Security Sector Reform: Bringing the Private In. Africa: Whither the African State. In: Private Security in Africa, edited by S. Gumedze. Pretoria:Institute of Security Studies, pp. 17–38 Adams, T.K., 1999. ‘The New Mercenaries and the Privatization of Conflict’, Parameters, Summer, pp.103-116. Ericson, R.V. and Kevin D. H., 1997. Policing the Risk Society. Toronto: University of Toronto Press Foucault, M., 1991. ‘Governmentality’, In: Burchell, G., Gordon., C and Miller, P. (eds) The foucault effect: studies in governmentality. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Garland, D., 2001. The Culture of Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press Golsby, M., 1998. Police and private security working together in a co-operative approach to crime prevention and public safety. SRM Australia Pty Ltd Kamensy, J.M., and Thomas J. B., 2004. Collaboration: Using Networks and Partnerships. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Little?eld. Karsent, R. and Volker, S., (Eds.), 2000. Private Organizations in Global Politics. Keku, P. and Akingbade, T., 2003. Industrial Security in Nigeria. Lagos: Authorhouse. Krahmann, E., 2002. Private firms and the new security governance. USA, Cambridge University Press Livingstone, K. and Hart, J., 2003. The wrong arm of the lawPublic images of private security. Policing and Society, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 159-170 Lock., P., 1999. Africa, military downsizing and the growth in the security industry., Issues in Science and Technology. London: Routledge. Manning, P.K., 2006. The United States of America. In Plural Policing. A Comparative Perspective,. London: Routledge, pp. 98–125. Musah, A. and Kayode, F., 2000. Mercenaries: An African Security Dilemma. London: Pluto. Ndlovu-Gatsheni, S.J., 2007. Weak States and the Growth of the Private Security Sector in Con?ict, Security and Development 6(1): 1–23 Prenzler, T., 2004. The privatization of policing. In Sarre, R and Tomaino, J., (eds) Key issues in criminal justice. Adelaide: Australian Humanities Press, pp.267-296 Sarre, R., 2002. Private police: the future of policing and the broader regulatory framework. University of South Australia Steden, R. and Sarre, R., 2007. The growth of private security: trends in the European Union. Security Journal, vol. 20, pp. 222-235 Stenning, P., 1994. Private policing-some recent myths, developments and trends. {viewed on 14th December 2013} available from http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/proceedings/23/stenning.pdf How to cite A Critical Exploration Of The Increasing Fragmentation Of Policing, Essay examples

A Reflection on the Movie Dead Poets Society Essay Example For Students

A Reflection on the Movie Dead Poets Society Essay History constantly witnesses the never-ending struggle between tradition and innovation. As an old adage goes, the only constant thing in this world is change and it is indeed true. The society that we have today is a by-product of continuous changes changes that generations before us believed to be for the better. Thus, history serves as a storehouse of information that can help us understand change and how the society we live in came to be. The definition of History as a natural tension between tradition and Innovation Is best represented in the movie Dead Poets Society. Set in 1959, the movie is the story f students at the respected Walton Academy, an all-boys preparatory school In Vermont. Such schools were (and often still are) very conservative institutions that serve as high schools for parents who Insist on sending their children to the best universities. The story is an all-common scene in our history. A traditional way of living and doing things is initially present. Almost everyone is conforming to that tradition since it is the best way people know on how to do things. Not everybody may be happy but the familiarity that the tradition brings provides comfort and security. Then come long a different (either good or bad) Idea to change how things are originally done. The traditionalists will resist and even condone the change while the proponents of Innovation will try to prove that the change Is for the better. The changes may persist in a particular society, and as the time goes on, these changes will be embedded on the culture until it becomes the new tradition, which new changes will, again, try to contest. And again, the whole cycle begins. In the movie, the tradition is represented by the educational system where students memorized and translated the central works of the distant past, learning ancient engages, rhetoric, and simple mathematics by rote. Professors emphasized accuracy and not comprehension. Conservative and conformist, Walton, like any other early colleges had little Interest either In expanding knowledge or in Inciting critical thinking. Lessons were infused with a deeply religious vision of the world and of the duties both as a citizen and as a family-member. The colleges saw themselves as bulwarks against change, training the pastors, doctors, and lawyers of the next generation. Largely driven by a sense of tradition, the school Imposes out-dated teaching techniques on both its teachers and its students. The students are encouraged to mindlessly take in facts and regurgitate them on command. The teachers are expected to teach according to a rigid set of rules. But change arrived regardless, driven by the needs of a growing society. The innovation in the movie is represented by John Keating, the newest professor at other professors at the academy, Keating actually speaks to the students. So unique and out of the ordinary are his words that the students are awe-struck, and uncertain how to respond. Whereas other teachers merely lecture and delegate, Keating pushes his students to be involved, to think, to use their minds. He believes that education requires the student to think for himself. He emphasized that the students must be free to question and to learn in the way that they learn best. He also wants to ensure that they really learn to experience life, to suck the marrow out of it. Through this encouragement, he was able to reach his students like none of the teachers before him did, though few schools accept the basic premise of his teachings and Walton Academy is no exception. Coming into conflict with John Seatings motivating speeches about finding ones own voice are years of tradition, involving both the academy and the families whose hillier attend the academy. These two irrepressible forces (Seatings innovative way of teaching and Welters traditional system of education) are destined for a collision, which is brought about by this age-old conflict of traditional compulsion versus freedom and flexibility. .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 , .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .postImageUrl , .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 , .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63:hover , .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63:visited , .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63:active { border:0!important; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63:active , .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63 .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u689ca2dfc70077822622eee98f721c63:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gulliver does not Yahoo: He Houyhnhnms EssayKeating rejects tradition and refuses to teach by the old methods. The school refuses to accept change. And so the battle begins. Seatings first act of business is to ask one of the students to read the first four lines of Robert Hayricks To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, the most famous carper mime or seize the day poem in English: Gather ye rosebuds while ye may: / Old time is still a-flying; / And this same flower that smiles today, / Tomorrow will be dying. Keating follows this up with a reminder that we are food for worms. This is a somewhat unorthodox invocation of the time-honored adage about life being too short. It is certainly appropriate for a teacher to use this perhaps unusual but highly effective method to drive home the point that young people are only young for a short time and that they should thus make the most of their time by seizing the day, thus making their lives extraordinary. The fact that all this takes place in front of a class picture of a long-ago student body on the wall (the members of which are by that time probably all dead) Just delivers the point Keating is making with that much more relevance and effectiveness. In the scene where Keating asks the students to tear the pages out of their textbook, we witness the second major scene involving Seatings ingenious and most effective teachings methods. Part of the secret of Seatings success with his students is, of course, the fact that he levels with them, that he tells them (and occasionally shows them, too) what he firmly believes is the truth. The essay, Understanding Poetry, by J. Evans Pritchard, Ph. D. , is indeed excrement (to use Seatings own characterization of it). The greatness of a poem is not to be grafted onto horizontal and vertical lines where the first represents the perfection (as to rhythm, meter, and rhyme) and the second the importance (as to theme) of a given poem. As Keating tells the students after they have torn the offending pages from the book, we dont read and write poetry because its cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the engineering, these are all noble pursuits, and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, tatty, romance, love, these are what we stay alive for. It is in the next classroom scene that Keating performs his famous stunt of standing upon the desk to remind the students that as he puts it we must constantly look at things in a different way. Just when you think you know something, he tells them a moment later, you have to look at it in another way. He urges them to think when they read not Just what the author thinks. Consider what you think as well. He urges them, too, to find their own voices. There is no time to waste. The more habitual their thinking becomes, the more difficult it will be to change it later on. It is interesting to reflect in this connection on the fact that both George McAllister, a fellow teacher, and Mr.. Nolan object (the first mildly, the second vehemently) to Seatings attempt to make 17-year-olds think for themselves. On the other hand, the case of Neil (one of Seatings students) and his father represents an altogether different standpoint on how we can view tradition and innovation. It is a tradition during that time for a child to follow his parents (father, in particular) regardless of the childs personal preference. In the movie, Nils relationship with his father is a case of misunderstanding and lack of immunization. Mr.. Perry wanted what was best for his son, which led to extremely high expectations. Neil wanted to find out who he was and what he wanted to do. Neil was unable to discuss his opinions and options with his father, and Mr.. .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 , .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .postImageUrl , .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 , .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62:hover , .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62:visited , .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62:active { border:0!important; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62:active , .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62 .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue1edc20a85bba846a1df191f628c4a62:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet's words EssayPerry was unwilling to look at Nils outlook on life, as it did not appear as Neil had a concrete idea of what he wanted to do. This cyclical pattern led Neil to conclude that suicide was the only way to gain control of his life and stand up to his father. Mr.. Perry was a traditionalist, which unfortunately meant he had a difficult time expressing affectionate emotions. He also had a large number of expectations because like any parent, he ultimately wanted the best for his son, a 16-17 year old with a bright future ahead of him. Unfortunately, Neil never really saw or understood that his father only wanted what was best for Neil. He only saw the tyrant-like authority figure who constantly demanded that Neil achieve greatness in academia and who obeyed him unquestioningly. In this situation, the father and son were like strangers, each with a specific perception of the other, but neither really knew who the other was. This perpetuated the cycle of misunderstandings between the two and eventually played a major role in Nils suicide. At that moment, it is evident that Neil is not happy with the traditional way his father treats him. He wanted a change, but he never really stood up to his father. There were times he tried, like when Mr.. Perry told Neil he should drop some extracurricular activities, but he did so in the presence of others, which created a hostile environment between the two. The story of Nils life would have been different if he was Just brave and innovative enough to think of ways on how he an positively affect his fathers belief without antagonizing him. It would have been what Neil wanted and what they could do to compromise. Nils situation is an example where change is inevitable. But the inability of the characters to cope with these changes led to their own destruction. In general, we can say that while we have held fast to our common values as a society and as an individual, the one true constant in this world has been that of creative change. If our institutions hope to remain relevant to our society and to our state, this tradition of adaptation and evolution must continue.

Bartleby Essay Research Paper Society has set free essay sample

Bartleby Essay, Research Paper Society has set a criterion in which a individual must make something utile to be something good. So, what would the solution be when person separates from society? Society s reply would either be to seek and do that individual do something or force that individual to go forth society for good. The ground society feels this manner is because society is unwilling to see any other position aside from their ain, and when that position is challenged the lone pick one has is to wholly reject society and be ready to confront the effects. In Bartleby, the Scrivener by Herman Melville, the storyteller has a most unusual incident with an employee he hires as a jurisprudence scribe. Bartleby started out being a really productive worker, but shortly after he decided to discontinue everything and unplug himself from the outside universe. Through the usage of an office scene, duologue, and symbolism, the writer is able to turn out that detaching from society is unsafe, non merely for that individ ual but besides on society. We will write a custom essay sample on Bartleby Essay Research Paper Society has set or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unvoiced communicating jeopardizes interpersonal dealingss to the grade of devaluating the person and dehumanising relationships. The Wall Street office puting topographic points Bartleby in a image perfect environment where he can close himself out of society. In the gap scene, the storyteller hires Bartleby as a copyist and makes him a workplace in the office. I placed his desk near up to a little side window within three pess of the window glasss was a wall I procured a high green turn uping screen, which might wholly insulate Bartleby ( 889 ) . The storyteller, like any other employer, is seeking to give Bartleby some privateness, but the privateness really minimizes Bartleby s interactions with others excessively much. Bartleby s window should give a signifier of flight, but in Bartleby s instance the window forces him behind another wall, therefore fostering his isolation. The storyteller illustrates Bartleby s isolation, he would stand looking out, at his picket window behind the screen, upon the dead brick wall ( 895 ) . As Bartleby looked out at the dead brick wall he saw his ain purdah and rupture from world. The office gives Bartleby a sense of security because it allows him to conceal from the universe he can t unrecorded in and the civilisation he rejects. Gordon E. Bigelow clarifies the importance of the scene, The Wall Street puting must besides be seen here as presence. Continuous symbolic notation of dead walls creates a dark entity which makes itself felt as a sinister, steeping, deathly force. Wall Street is a topographic point, but it is besides people, and we come here to one stage of coalescency. The topographic point is permeated by peculiar aspects of human character, which it expresses: acquisitiveness, selfish hedonism, indurate development of the weak, pitiless suppression of nonconformity ( 352 ) . The office constructs a topographic point where decease awaits. Wall Street is non merely a topographic point, but besides a certain type of people. These people at Wall Street have really rigorous guidelines to which they follow, and a interruption from the norm is neer wanted and will non be tolerated. In society, a individual can hold one of two picks, either be what is considered normal or understand that non being normal will ensue in dismissal from society. Melville is besides suggesting that unpluging from society will take to the inability for that individual to prolong life. Throughout the narrative, the duologue between the storyteller and Bartleby show the spliting way Bartleby has chosen. Soon after Bartleby is hired, the storyteller asks him to analyze a paper for truth but he refuses to assist. Bartleby! Quick, I am waiting. shortly he appeared standing at the entryway of his hermitage. What is wanted? said he, mildly We are traveling to analyze them, there and I held towards him the 4th quadruplicate. I would prefer non to, he said, and gently disappeared behind the screen Why do you decline? I would prefer non to ( 890 ) . By Bartleby non of all time being rational the storyteller is neer able to carry through communicating with Bartleby. Bartleby loses any will and all grounds to maintain life in this universe, so he makes his ain grounds by disputing what society considers normal. Winifred Morgan remarks on the storyteller s reaction to the irrational B artleby, The storyteller tells the reader that to get down with, he refused to believe what he had heard Bartleby s go oning refusals, the storyteller is immobilized. Bartleby s refusal so discombobulates the storyteller s sense of fittingness ( 3 ) . Peoples do non anticipate to see a individual refuse the manner of life and when people do they have no thought of what to make. Thus the population of the universe would consume itself because if everyone refused to make something so nil would of all time acquire accomplished, and if nil of all time gets complete so civilisation would discontinue to be. At the terminal of the narrative, the storyteller discovers Bartleby s decease with a prison guard. His dinner is ready. Won T he dine today either? Or does he populate without dining? Lifes without dining, said I, and closed the eyes ( 908 ) . As a consequence, of losing the conflict against humanity for being an castaway, Bartleby commits self-destruction. Bartleby was unable to populate in a universe that abandoned him, so Bartleby took it upon himself to fling that universe and take himself from it for all infinity. The writer shows the danger in unpluging from society, because without humanity a individual can be forced into decease. Melville besides shows the abrasiveness of the universe on an person that goes against the criterions set by civilization. At the terminal of the narrative, the symbolic Dead Letter Office represents Bartleby s inability to pass on with anyone. After Bartleby dies from hungering himself, the storyteller learned Bartleby had been antecedently employed at the Dead Letter Office in Washington. Dead letters! does it non sound like dead work forces? Gestate a adult male by nature and bad luck prove to a pale hopelessness, can any other concern seem more fitted to rise it than that of continually managing these dead letters, and consorting them for the fires ( 908 ) ? The letters at the Dead Letter Office neer reached their intended finish, they are communicating that failed. The letters represent Bartleby in the manner of non pass oning with society. Society rejected Bartleby because he was unable to interchange a few words, so Bartleby rejected society by go forthing the universe. On errands of life, these letters speed to decease ( 908 ) . Like the letters unable to make their finish, Bartleby s battle is non being able to take safety in society concludes the lone manner for him to be at remainder was to decease. Thomas R. Mitchell explains the symbolic Dead Letter Office, The storyteller s efforts to pass on with him and to offer him trust that understanding and charity can supply look as incapable of making Bartleby as are the Dead Letters of making their addressees And in stating Bartlebys narrative, he continues the procedure If Bartleby is a Dead Letter, so the storyteller is its refinisher, non its destroyer, and we, the readers of this narrative, are its receivers. In us the Dead Letter that Bartleby seems to be is dead no longer ( 6 ) . The ground the storyteller even tells the reader about Bartleby s old occupation is to seek and halt what happened to the Dead Letters go on to Bartleby. The storyteller does non desire the universe to travel on and bury Bartleby, so in an attempt to support Bartleby the storyteller tells the reader about the Dead Letter Office. Melville exemplifies no 1 should travel unforgotten. Civilization was built around all different types of people and to which none were perfect. When did criterions come about into society? Why does any civilization demand criterions? How do criterions truly assist any civilisation? Bartleby, the Scrivener non merely depicts a tragic narrative of a adult male s failure in society, but besides shows the effects from traveling against the criterion of normalcy. Bartleby s determination to discontinue everything in his life had a damaging consequence on his ain being. Bartleby lost his will to populate because the universe refused to accept him for the manner he was. Bartleby chose to manage the job by giving in to society with his life. Communication is an indispensable portion in maintaining stable relationships within the societal order. Standards are set in society because through the old ages humanity has learned from errors, so in order from doing the same error twice, society has come up with these criterions to which people should follow.

Literature Review Gorgeous Guide on Literature Review Writing

Literature Review Gorgeous Guide on Literature Review Writing A literature review might form an important part of a thesis or a dissertation, or might also just be a self-standing review of the literature on a subject. 7  Tips to Write a Literature Review Before going to the tips  lets  make a literature review definition clear. A Literature review is defined as a kind of academic writing that is aimed to demonstrate one’s familiarity with previous work in one’s field of study and the place of own work within the context of this field. A literature review has a number of objectives: Survey of the literature in the specific area Synthesis and summary of the information extracted from that literature Critical analysis of the gathered information by identification of gaps in the knowledge Presentation of the literature in an organized way Where Is a Literature Review Used? The first stage of any given research project is reviewing the field. A literature review might form an important part of a thesis or a dissertation, or might also just be a self-standing review of the literature on a subject. It is often the first stage of a wider research project, done to allow the supervisor to evaluate whether the student is on the right path. It is a compendium and synopsis of a specific field of study and research, permitting anyone reading the paper to determine why you are after this specific research program. Need to write a literature review? The article below will help you: How to Write a Literature Review Literature Review  Outline The structure of a literature review is similar to that of any essay. It should, therefore, have an introduction, main body/supporting paragraphs, and a conclusion. Here are some steps you have to follow in each of these parts. Introduction Give a clear definition of your topic and supply a suitable context for exploring and analyzing the literature. Establish your point of view and list the reasons for reviewing the literature State the spread of your research Explain the sequencing State what is and what isn’t included in your literature review. Body paragraphs Structure the literature in a manner corresponding to common themes Provide correlative insights between the topic of your choice and the wider area of the subject in hand Zoom-in from the wider theme of the reviewed literature to your specific area of interest and research Conclusion Provide a summary of the important points Give evaluation to the present state of that literature Make an identification of major flaws and gaps in the knowledge in hand Give an outline for further study Provide a link between your research and existing knowledge 7  Literature Review Writing Tips TIP 1.  Organize your writing so it is focused around and relating primarily to the thesis of the conducted research. It can help to draw a diagram showing you the related fields and how you can arrange them in correlation to one another, as a preparation for the writing. TIP 2.  Invest in a  well-conducted literature review research. Broaden your horizons, take advice from the librarian and consult your mentor if possible. All these might expand your sources to unexpected and more engaging level. TIP 3.  Combine results into a summary of known and unknown elements. Always remember, it is about showing the ability for critical thinking and identification of issues through literature, rather than a simplistic overview of what’s out there. TIP 4.  Look out for controversial areas in the literature you read. These are the most interesting and need to be pointed out. It is about awakening a relevant discussion and finding the truth through arguing. TIP 5.  Be polite when arguing a point. If you are reading something you disagree with finding the proper words to conduct your point of view without offending the other writer. TIP 6.  Link the elements in a way that makes sense. If you are using various sources to discuss a problem, use linking words to create relations between the sources. TIP 7.  Quote sources properly. If you choose to use a direct quote from someone, make sure you give them the proper credit, otherwise, it might appear as if you are trying to present it as your own. Our writers may help you to write a literature review that uses only current references and utilizes materials from the most esteemed authors in the field. We have the experience and knowledge that will help you through your assignment. All you need to do is to let us know about the details of your task or place an order.

Oil Business - Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

Oil Business - Advantages and Disadvantages - Essay Example Typically, the entire oil business is divided into three main parts which are the upstream, midstream, and downstream sector. The upstream sector is concerned with the location and extraction of oil from various parts of the world while the midstream is concerned with the processing of extracted oil to marketable products as well as the transportation of such products. Both the upstream and the midstream sectors are concentrated only in certain parts of the world such as Russia or the Middle East while the distribution industry which is part of the downstream sector is spread throughout the world (Gary & Handwerk, 1994). Therefore, any changes in the global market of oil can either favorable or adversely affect the distribution industry significantly. The unpredictability of the global market can also lead to many changes inside of the distribution industry, and the rising cost of fuel has only put a strain on the already straining oil distribution industry.One of the industryâ€℠¢s strengths is that it is among the first in the line of industries affected by oil prices and therefore it can suffer minimally as compared to other industries when it comes to changes in oil prices. Because it is the first hit by the changes, it is also the first that can adapt and the first to be able to quickly overcome the changes to try to lessen losses based on the change in oil prices. Where other industries are affected conversely through the chain of order and sometimes have little room to do anything about the price of oil, the gas distribution is hit first and therefore can adapt most quickly with the other industries adapting around it.When less oil is mined and processed in the international market, independent distributors would have to compete to obtain what is available. This sort of competition can drive smaller distributors out of business. And for those smaller distributors, this can cause problems, and may at first look like an outright negative effect of gas p rices, and a negative effect of the whole of the industry. But this negative opportunity for the smaller firms soon opens up a larger one for the bigger firms, which can then flex their economic muscle a little bit. It is this versatility and adaptability that helps the oil distribution industry to survive at hard times when most other industries would fold upon themselves and crumble.

IT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

IT - Assignment Example The basic formats and practices can be duplicated however on the other hand to generalize and say IT no longer enables companies to create a competitive advantage in the marketplace was unsupported. Information technology is an evolving science its full potential still unknown. However with a better understanding of the innovative uses of the science companies have the potential of creating an advantage in the marketplace. The creation and determinant of the effective use of IT is contingent upon a myriad of factors, how a company implements the use of IT in its organizational structure and internal practices, how IT is used in a company’s external marketing campaigns, and whether the value of IT is understood by the leaders and managers as it relates to distinguishing sustainability. Corporations such as Wal-Mart, Hewlett-Packard, United Airlines and other recognizable firms provide the evidence that IT does enable companies to create a competitive advantage. Each of the companies listed has consistently used information technology to distinguish itself in the marketplace. Whereas other firms have implemented similar practices, the firms listed continue to set themselves apart by using IT in innovative and creative ways. An image of IT as a rigid format is erroneous to the contrary information technology presents unlimited possibilities. Leaders within an organization have the responsibility and duty to investigate the application and adaptability of IT practices for the maximum usage. By continuing to develop and implement IT strategies companies can position themselves as leaders within their respective industries. The lack of knowledge of the potential benefits of IT and its application within the organization as well as the benefits in the marketplace can make IT appear to be ineffective and a mundane costly endeavor (Parsons, 1984; Mata, Fuerst, & Bailey, 1995). Business leaders

Development Of Psychological Thoughts In The Philippines

Development Of Psychological Thoughts In The Philippines It started during the 1980s. In the context of Philippine colonial education, Filipinos believe that scientific psychology came from the West. Murray Bartlett, an American established undergraduate psychology courses in the College of Education, University of the Philippines. American textbooks and English language were used as the medium of instruction. The good thing here is that literary writing was in Filipino language that was in dominance. Francis Burton Harrisons policy of attraction was also introduced during this time.  [1]   The works of del Pilar, Jacinto and Pardo de Tavera were rich sources of psychological theories even though they were propagandists and not psychologists. Even Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo mentioned the term Psicologos del verbo Tagalog in his speech. They were not title holders in Psychology but they still have this innate nature. The English language and the American system of Education were the instruments used. During the twenties American psychology teachers were replaced by Filipinos.  [2]   The Philippine objection to uncritical importation of Americans Psychological models challenged some of the Filipinos. The first attempt was done by Sinsiforo Padilla who took over from Alonzos position as a chairman at the University of the Philippines. Nevertheless, it was his colleague Manuel Carreon who took the cudgels for appropriate relevant psychological testing. 1926 he published in New York his Ph.D. entitled the Philippine Studies in Mental Measurement. The arguments he presented was valid but the his wrong move was he published it in English. Nobody listened to him because during that time most of psychologists were ahead and they administered American tests. Some understood part of Carreons message were modified to fit the Philippine context. change-apples-to-bananas  [3]   Isidoro Panlasigui identified the new culture of Psychology. The third generation of American brainwashed Filipino psychologists like Panlasigui. Due to this, Panlasigui admires America and it was clearly showed when he wrote about the psychology of the Filipino as he fought for the colonial language to be used. Alfredo V. Lagmay and his colleagues were sent to the United States not to neutralize the department. Lagmay studied Psychology in Harvard where he was trained in the area of Experimental Psychology. He came back to the Philippines during the poor unrest under Hukbalahap with Luis Taruc, as the head. During that time, the Department of Psychology in the University of the Philippines was part of the College of Education. It was then Lagmays first move to transfer it to the College of Liberal Arts by changing the educational point of view to a more scientific basis of orientation. Experimental Psychology is now an integral part of the undergraduate curriculum in Philippine schools and it was because of him. The U.P Department of Psychology was perceived as behavioral orientation form the 50s up to early 70s. His students continued some remarkable and significant studies in the field.  [4]   The History and Lines of Filiations in Philippine Psychological Thought Psychology-Academic This aspect of psychology became part of university curriculum under Francisco Benitez during 1922. It was first taught in the University of the Philippines as a part of the education curriculum. This is the period wherein several studies in psychology such as Experimental Psychology, Educational Psychology and Psychology of Advice Giving were introduced. It was said that the Western Psychology first entered the UP system but it was spread widely in UST (University of Sto. Tomas) and University of San Carlos in Cebu. During the year of 1954, Joseph Goertz established the Department of Psychology and used English as the medium of teaching. On the other hand, in the midst of its growth in Manila this discipline was also introduced as a course in the University of St. Louis in Cordillera. It was facilitated by Fr. Evarist Louis a missionary priest.  [5]   Psychology-Academic Philosophy However, Psychology-Academic Philosophy was established first at University of Sto. Tomas by Spaniards and improved by the Jesuits. This aspect was older than the aspect mentioned before. It started and founded in many universities like UST (University of Sto. Tomas) and other Spanish institutions like San Ignacio and San Jose. In such institutions the medical and philosophy courses started. The ideas and written records on that time were seen to be related to Psychology. In a deeper analysis those can contain the way of life before. It includes the language , how the indio perceive the concept of self ,its criticisms and the activities of the ancient civilization. Ethnic Psychology The third aspect of Psychology known as Ethnic Psychology. It originates from the Filipinos and through the influence of other countries. It is not only older but also much complicated compared to the previous aspects. It has many strands to be entangled and one of those is the psychology that came from the Filipinos themselves. An indigenous psychology that is owned or influenced by other countries. The language is a cone attributing factor especially those activities that can show the collective experiences of Filipinos. The works of Jose Rizal and Isabelo de los Reyes were consisted of Filipino Psychology and it was greatly connected to the Psycho- Medical Psychology of our forefathers.  [6]   Social Psychology The study of Social Psychology is defined as a systematic study of the nature and causes of human social behavior. Primarily, its concern is about human social behavior. It includes a lot of matters regarding the individuals impact on other people, the processes of social interaction and the relationship that exist between individuals in the society. It is not just concerned with the nature of social behavior but also with its causes. The study seeks to unravel the reasons and pre conditions of social behavior. It also depicts the analysis of social behavior in a dynamic way. It relies on methodologies, findings, experiments and surveys. In asking what the study is all about its 4 main concerns were also considered as a means of knowing it clearly. Basically it is about the impact that one individual has on another, the impact that a group has on its members then vice versa and the impact of a group to another group.  [7]   In the context of the discipline in a working definition. Psychologists focus their attention in understanding the behavior of individuals within the context of society. It is primarily concerned with the understanding of the how and why individuals behave, think and feel as the way they do. In dealing with behavior we mean feelings and thoughts as well as overt actions.  [8]   Consequently, it is defined as a scientific study of how a persons behavior, thoughts and feelings are influenced by several factors that can be real or imagined in the form or the presence of others. The field looks at behavior and mental processes including the social world in which we exist, as we are surrounded by other whom we are connected and by whom we are influenced in so many ways. It focuses on influence.  [9]   The definition of Social Psychology in the Filipino context was explained through the interview that I have conducted. According to Ms. Leslee Natividad from the Department of Social Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los BaĠos ,when I asked her what is the role of Filipino Social Psychology in the deeper understanding of Filipino behavior? She gave me a definition to answer the question . First we have to define first what Social Psychology is soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Social Psychology is the study of how individuals affect the society and how the society is affecting the individual .If were going to relate Filipino into that on how the Filipino is affected by the society that we have here in the Philippines and maybe in the world in general. Now the world and the Philippine society affect the Filipino individual. As a person, everything that we are experiencing around us. Things that we are seeing, things that we are hearing, things that are affecting each and every moment of our lives that is part of Filipino Social Psychology. All of our behavior is shaped by the kinds of experiences that we have.  [10]   3 Main Areas of Social Psychology Social Influence It is the way in which other people affect our behavior. It is a process through which the presence of others can directly or indirectly influence an individual. These are ways in which other people affect our behaviors through thoughts and actions. How we are raised by certain people to whom we interact can affect our behavior. It varies with Conformity, Compliance and Obedience. Conformity which pertains to the changing of ones own behavior to more closely match the actions of others, Several studies suggest that individuals will change their behavior to conform to those of the group. They can be influence by private vs. face-to-face contact Plus, the gender and culture. Compliance is the act of changing their behavior due to another person or group asking them to change. Particularly, it happened when there is absence of authority and power. Obedience is also a way of changing behavior at a direct order of an authority figure. Social Cognition It is defined as the ways how people thinks about other people and how they act toward other individuals. It varies because of attitudes which consist of the way a person feels and thinks as well a person behaves. Impression formation is also a part of cognition which is forming the first knowledge or judgment about a person seen for the first time. Attribution is the process of explaining self behavior or others. They use this to make sense of the social world through mental processes.  [11]   What was once called the objective world is a sort of Rorschach ink blot, into which each culture, lack system of science and religion, each type of personality, reads a meaning only remotely derived from the shape and color of the blot itself.In this aspect of judgment of are beauty are based on the way we think about things. There is no universal concept or characteristics of people and object that are beautiful for them. Whatever we see around us is as much the sum total or our biases, thoughts and feelings as it reflects what physically exist. Those perceptions are active process of selecting, organizing and interpreting various bits of information so that we can create our reality.  [12]   Social Interaction It is a way of knowing the positive and negative aspects of behavior. It is the area of Social Psychology which involves interaction and relationship between people. It includes prejudice which happens when an individual holds an unsupported and negative attitude towards other members of the society. It also varies with discrimination as treating people differently because of prejudice. Liking and loving, aggression were also developed here.  [13]   The liking and loving in our society known as interpersonal attraction is widely observed. Each one of us is attracted to some personalities in our society. It can be influenced and proved by the similarities, position, physical appearance and familiarity of both sexes  [14]  . The nature of aggression involves hurting others. It has been defined as any form of behavior directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. (Baron and Richardson, 1993) According to psychologists they have identified three types of aggression. Firstly, is the Person-oriented aggression wherein the main goal is intentionally hurt someone. Secondly, is Pro active aggression when an aggressive behavior is done to achieve some desired outcome like gaining possession of an object. Lastly, is Reactive aggression is the reaction of an individual to an aggressive act.  [15]   In a positive way one of the best examples of pro social behavior is Altruism. It is a helping behavior that is costly to an altruistic person. It is a desire to help even there is no possible reward. It is always expected to depend on empathy. Empathy is the ability to share emotions and understand another person.  [16]   Projects of Filipino Psychology The first project is to develop indigenous psychological concepts. Ethnic concepts and theories can be translated into another language but deviations in meaning will occur especially with respect to location. There were some concepts that Filipinos exhibited and some foreign researchers tried to analyze and study. The first was the concept of Shame or Hiya which was studied by Frank Lynch in 1961. Sibley during the 1965 analyze this behavior. During 1981 Salazar studied it thoroughly and said that it was a complete societal feeling that is not only passive but also active. He showed the external aspects hiyain, ikahiya at manghiya and also the internal aspect that involves the feelings and emotions like the act of kahiya hiya and mahiyain. The second concept was Fatalism or Bahala Na. Bostrom in 1968 was the first psychologist that become inquisitive about this Filipino behavior. He compared it with American Fatalism but in Filipino Psychology it has a different orientation. Before , Osias explained way back the 1940s that bahala na attitude is the combination of fatalism and determinism. On the other hand Lagmay corrected it and said that for him it is not about fatalism it is more of determination and courage to face unguaranteed times. Lastly, is the concept of Utang na Loob which was translated by Charles Kaut into English known as debt of gratitude. Enriquez disagreed and Holnsteiner gave his opinion that utang na loob is contractual.  [17]   The second project is utilization of indigenous research methods. The role of Santiago and Enriquez in building a concept of Filipino oriented research was very important. They suggested a model to be used in research. The model will serve as a guide of researchers of indigenous ways. It was divided into two scales. First is used in knowing the idea and diwa of an member of a society. It includes Pagmamasid, Pakikiramdam, Pagtatanung- tanong, Pasubok, Pagdalaw dalaw, Pagmamatyag, Pagsubaybay, Pakikialam at Pakikilahok. The other scale is for the researchers to know what will be the future or end of their study. They use several stages such as Pakikitungo, Pakikisama, Pakikisalamuha, Pakikibagay ,Pakikisangkot at Pakikiisa The third project is to create an authentic and appropriate social scientific psychology. In the deeper analysis of constructing a real version of social psychology social behavior is a must. The society of Filipinos revolves smoothly because of their Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa. In dealing with both concepts it has been discovered that between the two pakikipagkapwa is more important for Filipinos. It has a more deeper sense and implication. It means treating other people as fellow man. In English the context was changed. The word other perceiving the self and other self in an individualistic way.  [18]   The Bases of Filipino Psychology Primarily, Prior knowledge of Psychology was the first basis of Filipinos for it involves important parts of Filipino Social Psychology. The knowledge of psychology Babaylan or Catalonan for the native Filipino people was an important part of Filipino Psychology. The Babaylan was the first Filipino psychologists. Aside from this were the prayers and whispers of various ethnic groups in the Philippines. Those were rich sources and stream of Filipinos prior knowledge of Psychology. We were also used in the psychology of the Filipino literature, even if it was expressed in oral or written way. It includes proverbs, stories and legends. The values and attitudes that Filipinos inherited were significant bases of Psychology. It includes most of Ethnic Psychology.  [19]   Man and his Thoughts The second is the basis of man and his thoughts and it denotes giving importance to man and his or her ideas. This is where Filipino Psychology and Psychology in the Philippines met. Filipino psychology was a part and always been a part of the worlds psychology. This basis has a clear influence of rational psychology that has been developed and improved in the University of Sto. Tomas. This was considered as traditional philosophy rooted in the ideas of Descartes and written works of Aristotle. Psychology is an aspect of Filipino Psychology as an academic discipline in some universities in the Philippines.  [20]   Period of changing mind It was the third basis because it is associated with Filipino personality. There were a lot of bases seen in this period. Particularly, this basis was evident in the written works of some Filipino writers like Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Isabelo delos Reyes. Even before the psychology of language was seen in written outputs produced by Filipinos. It somehow showed the shallow orientation of Filipino in terms of experiences in researching and conducting studies. Filipinos should not dampen their spirits instead they should hope for some improvements. Period of giving value to societal problems The time of giving importance to societal problems was the fourth basis because this serves as a witness of the society. Hartendorp is one of the American psychologists who become interested in our Psychology. The theory of Osias in 1940 is about the relation of language to the society and in connection of the knowledge of paralanguage in the actions of the individuals. However, his period is also the time of some Filipino psychologists. In such a way Filipino Psychology have this sure basis and it includes the works of Isidoro Panlasigui, Sinsiforo Padilla and Alfredo Lagmay who all gave importance to the acts and capabilities of an individual.  [21]   Societal problems Problems in the society were the fifth bases because it gave value for improvement and development. Aldaba- Lim is known for giving high value in societal problems. He often encourages Filipino psychologists to listen to the problems of the society. All doubts in his dedication will vanished if a person will examine all his efforts and contribution in some of his researches in Psychology. The period of Activism served as a witness of this basis. Language, culture and Point of view Language, culture and Point of view were the sixth bases because it is the most fundamental of all bases.Filipino language and dialect is very significant because it is a witness in the many studies conducted and translated into foreign language. The field must still use medium, system and ways to guarantee the wide scope of study. Regarding culture there are none or very few Filipinos who still doubt about the language and culture of the Philippines. According to some professors and psychologists there was this acquiescence effect in the can be seen in a scale used and answered by Filipinos. The American perspective was used in analyzing this. It must be done primarily in a Filipino oriented point of view.  [22]   The Concept of Language The concept of local language as a source of concept for Filipinos is a helpful tool because it gives a clear connection to their culture. Language is not just one effective way of communication but also a rich source of information. It is an affluent basis for the better understanding and orientation of culture. It is suggested to formulate a certain Filipino concept from the broader and wider scope it has. Language is the primary source in the study of Social Psychology of Filipinos. The native language is a rich source of concepts meaningful for and significant to the local culture. As a source of insight, some concepts were proven to be important in understanding the Filipino personality, worldview and behavior. Some of those were the concepts of hiya(shame), utang na loob(debt of gratitude) , pakikisama(yielding to the will of the leader or the majority, bahala na (fatalism) and amor propio (sensitivity to personal affront) which even some American psychologists attempted to study those.The problem with the token use of Filipino psychological concepts in the context of a western analysis is that it can lead to the distortion of Philippine social reality and can affect the education of Filipinos.It still preferable to use the language as a main resource.  [23]   Most Filipinos speak Filipino, the national language; and English, the language for commercial and legal transactions. The Philippines is the worlds third largest English-speaking country, after the United States and the United Kingdom. Literacy rate is a high 96%.Approximately 111 languages and dialects are spoken in the country and most Manileà ±os speak at least one other dialect besides Filipino.  [24]   The Concept of Kapwa The concept of kapwa in Filipinos is an important aspect of Filipino social life. Kapwa is reflected because interaction among other individuals especially in the Philippines is an essential aspect of social life. Language reveals a lot about Filipino nature. For this reason, social interaction should be an evocative core of analysis in the process of classifying the concept of kapwa. The Filipino language in this notch, gives a conceptual division in several levels and modes of social interaction. Santiago and Enriquez identified eight in Filipino. The Levels of Interaction Interaction of Filipinos were categorized into levels namely pakikitungo (transaction/civility with), pakikisalamuha (inter-action with), pakikilahok (joining/participating), pakikibagay (in- conformity with/ in- accord with), pakikisama (being along with), pakikipagpalagayan/pakikipagmalagayang-loob (being in rapport), pakikisangkot (getting involved) and pakikiisa (being one with).  [25]   The concept of Kapwa as a shared inner self turns out to be very essential psychologically and philosophically speaking. While pagtutunguhan (dealing with/acting toward) is another term which can be used to refer to all levels of interaction. Besides, pagtutunguhan also connotes the most superficial level of interaction: the level of amenities while pakikipagkapwa refers to humanness at its highest level(Santiago,1976)  [26]   On the other hand aside from the concept of kapwa According to Russell, In 1922 there were several explanations in essay forms about the high Filipino Self Concept. One of the most ordinary is it being the character of race as Filipinos got from the Malays. In 1965 Fox said that this is a trait of Filipino culture that is paid to be in the social context because of its fortitude to produce close family ties. .  [27]   The Concept of Human Interaction The concept of Human Interaction includes the distinction between (Pakikisama or Pakikipagkapwa?) It is an essential part because it is very consistent in Filipinos. Aside from the good sides of interaction, previous work on Philippine values pointed our three evil characters in Philippine interpersonal relations. These are the walang pakisama (one inept at the level of adjustment); the walang hiya, (one who lacks a sense of propriety and the walang utang na loob, (one who lacks adeptness in reciprocating by way of gratitude. In a deeper analysis some studies were conducted, It was argued that pakikipagkapwa is more important for Filipinos. According to Enriquez, in spite of the fact that western psychology works in the Philippines, the use of Filipino has led to the identification of the value pakikipagkapwa which is more important that pakikisama. The barkada (peer group) would not be happy with the walang pakikisama but the Philippine society at large cannot accept the walang kapwa tao. Pakikipagkapwa is both a paninindigan (conviction) and a value. It includes all the other mentioned modes and levels of interaction. Pakikisama is a form of pakikipagkapwa but not the other way around. In fact pakikisalamuha is even closer than pakikisama in meaning to pakikipagkapwa.  [28]   Application of Filipino Social Psychology Filipino Culture The Social, Political, Ideational dimensions are diverse into aspects which were exhibited by Filipinos. The study of the customs and beliefs of Filipinos serves as a function of social and economic dimension of Filipino culture. The Philippine culture is such very rich. It was very evident in the following ways. In courtship and marriage most of the Filipinos regard this as a process of love as a parental affair. The marriage is the family affair which is measured as a success based on the number of children. Filipinos also believe in Babaylans and Catalonan which were said to posses supernatural powers to supplicate God. They were also fond of charms and they believe that when they perform their rites particularly on the Good Friday they will gain magical powers like anting-anting, lucky cards, stones and other stuffs. As a part of their social life they celebrate feasts to commemorate important events like Fiestas, Holy Week, New Year, Christmas and etc. It really played an essen tial role in the economic security and social solidarity of Filipinos. They are also known for their superstitious beliefs which are greatly connected to their rituals and ceremonies. In connection to supernatural beings they follow these beliefs to avoid bad luck. It was seen in birth, illness and death which control the psyche of Filipinos. In religion when Christianity was introduced by Spaniards, it became a driving force to the life of the Filipinos. They were also thoughtful especially when someone is sick and in need. They are afraid of what other people might say. Some of their practices include giving dowry, carrying of guns, choice of padrino and carrying bow and arrows, sibat and kris. During the time of our ethnic groups laws were also made with regards to property ownership an settling arguments.  [29]   Filipino Values Filipinos use values to fill the demand for democracy. The Filipinos are known to be hospitable. But aside from this trait, there are many other values that the Filipinos possess which help them live harmoniously with their neighbors. These have also made the Filipinos appealing towards others due to their pleasant demeanor. The following are some of the Filipino values such as Bayanihan is the creation of an association with neighbors and helping whenever one is in disastrous need. Close Family Ties are something the Filipinos are well-known for. The primary social welfare system for the Filipino is the family. Many Filipinos live near their family for most of their lives, even as independent adults. Pakikisama or harmony, involves getting along with others to preserve a harmonious relationship. Hiya is shame and a motivating factor behind behavior. It is a sense of social decency and compliance to public norms and behavior. Filipinos believe they must live up to the accepted standa rds of behavior and if they fail to do so they bring shame not only upon themselves, but also upon their family. Utang na Loob or Debt of Gratitude, is owed by one to a person who has helped him great. There is a local saying: Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalinangan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan, meaning, One who does not look back o where he started, will no get to where he is going.Amor Propio is concern for self image. Filipinos believe that how they present themselves to others is an important aspect to be accepted in society. Delicadeza or sense of propriety refers to sensitivity regarding the limits of proper behavior or ethics in a situation. Filipinos try to avoid even the appearance of impropriety. Palabra de Honor or word of honor is very important to the Filipinos. They believe that one must keep their word whenever they make a promise for the person to whom one has made a promise will count on it.  [30]   Filipino Family The study of Filipino Family is valuable because they value family relationship. In a traditional Filipino family, the father is considered the head and the provider of the family while the mother takes responsibility of the domestic needs and in charge of the emotional growth and values formation of the children. Children see their mot